A paradigm shift occurs when a field changes its core assumptions and framework.

• A. The entire discipline adopts a new model and way of thinking.
• B. A minor adjustment to a single method.
• C. A paradigm shift occurs when a field changes its core assumptions and framework.
• D. Funding changes.

Answer: (C)

A paradigm shift means a fundamental overhaul of how a field understands and explains things—the basic beliefs and the framework that guide research and interpretation change. The statement matches this by naming a change in the field’s core assumptions and framework, which is exactly what a paradigm shift entails. This isn’t about tweaking methods or adding a new model alone; it’s about redefining the foundations that shape questions, evidence, and explanations.

The other ideas describe changes that don’t reach that level. A minor adjustment stays within the existing framework, so it isn’t the deep rethinking involved. Funding changes are external and don’t alter how the field thinks or reasons. A new model can accompany a shift, but the defining feature is the transformation of the underlying assumptions and framework.